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Formosan languages
The Formosan languages are the languages of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Taiwanese aborigines (those recognized by the government) currently comprise about 2% of the island's population.〔Council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan ''("Statistics of Indigenous Population in Taiwan and Fukien Areas" )''.〕 However, far fewer can still speak their ancestral language, after centuries of language shift. Of the approximately 26 languages of the Taiwanese aborigines, at least ten are extinct, another four (perhaps five) are moribund,〔Zeitoun, Elizabeth & Ching-Hua Yu ''("The Formosan Language Archive: Linguistic Analysis and Language Processing" )''. Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing. Volume 10, No. 2, June 2005, pp. 167–200〕〔Li, Paul Jen-kuei and Shigeru Tsuchida. 2006 (press ) Kavalan Dictionary《噶瑪蘭語詞典》. Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica Monograph Series No.A19. Taipei: Academia Sinica〕 and several others are to some degree endangered.
The aboriginal languages of Taiwan have significance in historical linguistics, since in all likelihood Taiwan was the place of origin of the entire Austronesian language family. According to linguist Robert Blust, the Formosan languages form nine of the ten principal branches of the Austronesian language family, while the one remaining principal branch contains nearly 1,200 Malayo-Polynesian languages found outside of Taiwan.〔Diamond, Jared M. ''( "Taiwan's gift to the world" )''. Nature, Volume 403, February 2000, pp. 709–710〕 Although linguists disagree with some details of Blust's analysis, a broad consensus has coalesced around the conclusion that the Austronesian languages originated in Taiwan.〔Fox, James J.''("Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies" )''. Paper prepared for Symposium Austronesia Pascasarjana Linguististik dan Kajian Budaya. Universitas Udayana, Bali 19–20 August 2004.〕 This theory has been strengthened by recent studies in human population genetics, supporting also the matrilineal nature of the migration.〔Trejaut JA, Kivisild T, Loo JH, Lee CL, He CL, ''et al.''(2005) (''Traces of archaic mitochondrial lineages persist in Austronesian-speaking Formosan populations.'' ) PLoS Biol 3(8): e247.〕
==Recent history==
(詳細はStandard Chinese. In recent decades the Republic of China government started an aboriginal reappreciation program that included the reintroduction of Formosan first language in Taiwanese schools. However, the results of this initiative have been disappointing.〔Huteson, Greg. (2003). ( ''Sociolinguistic survey report for the Tona and Maga dialects of the Rukai Language.'' ) SIL Electronic Survey Reports 2003-012, Dallas, TX: SIL International.〕
In 2005, in order to preserve the language of the indigenous people of Taiwan, the council established a Romanized writing system for all Taiwan's aboriginal languages. The council has also helped with classes and language certification programs for members of the indigenous community and the Han Chinese to help the conservation movement.〔http://www.galdu.org/web/?odas=4584&giella1=eng〕
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